Quick Introduction of .NET Framework

 What is .NET?

• .NET is a framework. 
• .NET frame work is a service or platform for building, deploying, and running the application.
• .NET framework is used to developed the application like Window base application, DOS base application, Web application, Smart device application….etc
• .NET is a environment to developed the application which is suitable for different types of devices.
• It is software which makes different software.

Advantages of .NET framework:

1. Platform Independent.
2. Large Class library for development.
3. Multiple language support.   

 .NET framework architecture

.NET framework architecture contain two main parts:

1. CLR (Common Language Runtime).
2. FCL (Framework Class Library). 

 Component of .NET framework

1. CLR (Common Language Runtime)

• It is the execution engine of .NET frame work application.
• It is the heart and backbone of the .NET framework application.
• It is runtime engine provides by .NET framework.
• It provides infrastructure for running the application and also allows them to communicate with other part of .NET framework.
• It can provides the following services,

• Conversion IL to Native code.
• Exception handling.
• Memory management & Garbage collection.
• Access to Meta data.
• Code loading and execution using JIT (Just In Time).

    2. CTS (Common type system)

• CTS allows programmer to write program in any language to easily share information.
• A class written in C# should be equipment in NB.NET also.
• It defines rules that must be followed by a programming language.
• CTS provides cross language integration.
• .NET language must be agree on the meaning of these concept before they can be integrated with one another.

    3. Managed Code / Unmanaged Code

• The code which is executed through CLR and MSIL called managed code.
• The code which is not executed through CLR is called unmanaged code.

    4. Reflection

• Reflection is the meaning by which .NET application can access an assembly metadata and discover its data type and method at runtime.'

    5. Garbage Collection

• Garbage collection is the process of free the object which is not used since long time.
• Garbage Collection is automatically performed at regular time interval.
• Garbage collection is automatically performed and frees the object which is not used since long time hence programmer does not need to use destructors.
• Before free the object which is selected through garbage collection it will call “finalize ()” method. 

    6. MSIL (Microsoft Integrated Language), IL (Integrated Language),CIL (Common Integrated Language)

• It is just like a byte code of JAVA.
• It is CPU independent instruction set into which .NET application are compiled.
• It contains instruction for loading, storing, initializing, and calling methods own object.
• It combines with Meta data, CLR and MSIL that allows for true cross language integration and platform independent.

    7. Metadata

• Metadata that men’s “data about the data”.
• It is also stored in assembly.
• .NET language compiler which generate metadata and stored in assembly.
• Metadata is nothing but it is a description of every namespace, class, function, method……etc

    8. CLS (Common Language Specification)

• CLS includes all the basic programming features that is needed by almost all application.
• It acts as a gide compiler writer and library writer.
• It is a subset of CTS.
• It is also important for application developers who are written code that will be used by another developer.

    9. Namespace

• Namespace is a logical group of class.
• It is a collection of class and other namespace.
• It is just like a drive and folder of any computer system.
• .NET provides different namespace for different class “System” is root namespace of class.

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