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Google's New Year Doodle Of 2012


Google likes to wish new year to their users via Doodle,  on the occasion of new year Google released it’s new Doodle logo. The Doodle shows that five characters of Google, characters are  like five persons (or we can say google users) enjoying the new year celebration. The releasing of Doodle is not new concept because every one knows that Google releases its doodle on every occasion.

New Year Doodle
 

On the first day of 2012 Google has released it's new Doodle “Happy New Year”. In this Doodle we can see  a small calendar on right side which shows 1st date of the year 2012. In previous Doodle all characters are enjoying coming new year while in this Doodle every character doing different thing. When you click on this Doodle it shows the search result on "New Year's Day".

Google doodle


  1. The ‘G’ is listening music
  2. ‘O’ is dancing
  3. Second O is jumping to enjoy new year
  4. The small ‘g’ playing music in Guitar
  5. The ‘L’ is busy in reading
  6. The ‘e’ is cleaning the floor

On the left side of doodle, some words are written which says “Hello, Hi, Hola, Namaste (Similar to Hi), Bonjour and ahoj . All words are in different languages likes Hindi, Chines, Japanes says “Hi”.

The Google has started releasing its Doodle form 1998 and continue till 2012 and we will also expect more Doodle in next years. You can visit all previous year Doodle from this link.


Related Posts:
Google Searching Tricks
Number System Conversion Using Google Search Engine.

UNIX Shell Script Programming


When group of command is to be executed regularly, they should be stored in a file. This file is called Shell Script It is not mandatory to have .sh extension Vi editor is used to create shell script.  You can use any Unix based Operating System to run this script or you can also use UWIN (Unix like shell developed by Wipro)  program to execute Shell Script on Windows. Shell script is very sophisticated scripting language because white space also plays an important role in syntax grammar while in other languages like C and C++ or Java ignores white spaces.

For the practical purpose I am sharing this quick handy presentation which helps you to refreshing shell script syntax rules and various commands. I published this article to help students in MCA Unix Shell Script Programming. Download link is given at the end of this post. Also share this with all  GTU MCA students.

Unix script


Shell Script

You can Download This Presentation From This Link.

GTU Circular For Akash UbiSlate Tablet


Akash Tablet
College students of GTU (Gujarat Technological University) will soon be able to get the Aakash Ubislate Tablet PC.  The general price of Aakash tablet is Rs. 2,276 /- which are distributed to all GTU students in just Rs. 1,138 (50% Subsidy given by Government) . GTU students will be able to buy the Aakash tablet for Rs. 1,138 /- from their respective colleges, Circulars have already been issued  by GTU to all its affiliated colleges in Gujarat. The colleges  have been asked to send list of students who want tablet. To book your tablet contact your college admin staff and register your name to them quickly.



The Tablet Given By GTU Has Following Configurations:

Size & Weight
  • Dimensions : 115 (H) X 185 (W)  X(D) mm
  • Weight: 0.35 Kgs.
Display
  • 7” (15.5 cm.) LCD Resistive Touch Screen
  • 800x480 Pixels
  • 135 Pixels per inch
Processor
  • 366MHz with Graphics  accelerator and HD Video Processor
Memory
  • 256MB (RAM)
  • 2GB  Flash (Internal  Storage)
  • Micro SD Card (2GB Provided)  Supports up to 32GB (External Storage)
Networking & Wireless
  • WiFi (IEEE 802.11 a/b/g)
Input / Output
  • 2 x Standard Type A USB 2.0 ports
  • 1 x 3.5mm Audio-out  jack
  • 1 x 3.5mm Audio –in jack
Power and Battery
  • Built in 2100 mAh battery
  • Up to 180 Minutes (mixed use)
  • Ac Adapter 200-240V
Operating System
  • Android 2.2 (Froyo)
Productivity Application
  • Supported documents format : DOC, DOCX, PPT, PPTX, XLX, XLXS, ODT, ODP, 
  • PDF Viewer
  • Text Editor
Video
  • Image Formats: PNG, JPG, BMP and GIF
  • Video Codes: MPEG2, MPEG4, AVI, FLV
Audio Formats
  • MP3, AAC, AC3, WAV, WMA
Browser & Internet
  • xHTML 1.1 compliant, JavaScript 1.8 compliant  browser
  • Separate application for on-line YouTube video viewing
Safety & Manufacturing Standards
  • CE certification 
  • RoHS certification


Most probably students will be interested in  the improved version of aakash that is  UbiSlate 7, which is much faster  as compared to the tablet version which is distributed by GTU and supports GPRS. The Aakash UbiSlate 7 will be launched  by the end of January 2012. Human resource development ministry is also developing free online content (educational resources and softwares which can be installed in ubislate)  for postgraduate and under graduate students that will be available  for Aakash tablet users.

Most Students are confused to decide whether to buy current tablet with lower configuration given by Universities or to wait for latest version Ubislate 7!

Related Posts:
  1. Akash Ubislate tablet in Rs. 1100
  2. Configuration of an Akash Ubislate Tablet
  3. Presentation on Aakash Tablet
  4. Akash Tablet Launched In Gujarat
  5. Classpad Tablet Price Launched by Rohit Pande


GTU MCA Sem 3 Java Practical Programs

I posted this Java programs for practice purpose. The ten programs given below are the Java programs which were asked in previous year GTU MCA  Java practical examination organized at Ahemdabad and Gandhinagar.


Download PDF version of This Programs
     
  1.  Create a package "sales" with following items:
    • Create a class naming “Order” containing orderDate (type as java.util.Date), productName  (type as String) and quantity (type as int) as its member fields. SystemDate should be used as orderDate.
    • Create a class naming “OrderManagment”, which manages instances of Order. This class must provide following methods :
      • placeOrder: It should accept productName and quantity as its arguments, it should create a new Order instance using both arguments(productName and quantity) and adds it to TreeSet collection.
      • displayOrdersByDate:Displays all the orders placed by current customer order by orderDate.
      •  displayOrdersByName: Displays all the orders placed by current customer order by productName.
      • storeOrder: It should accept Order instance as its arguments. It stores that Order instance to the file called ordersinfo.txt. (Use Comparable and Comparator interface).


  2. Create an applet naming “timer”, which displays current time in middle of the applet screen in RED color once applet started. Provide a menu with two options: 
    • StartTimer – if user presses StartTimer then timer should start and showing updated time after each minute in random color.
    • StopTimer - if user presses StopTimer then timer should stop and display message to user that how many minutes/seconds have spent since user has started the timer.


  3. Create a menu driven application naming drawShape using GUI, which has menu option like Line, Rectangle, Oval, etc…
    • When user clicks on Line then ask user to enter line parameters using input dialog box and if parameters are proper then line should be drawn with BLUE color. Otherwise display proper error message.
    • When user clicks on Rectangle then ask user to enter rectangle parameters using input dialog box and if parameters are proper then rectangle should be drawn with RED color. Otherwise display proper error message.
    • When user clicks on Oval then ask user to enter oval parameters using input dialog box and if parameters are proper then oval should be drawn with GREEN color. Otherwise display proper error message.
    • At a time only one shape should be displayed by frame.


  4. Create a package “BankInfo” with following items
    • Create a class naming “Account” with accountId (type as int), balance (type as double) and accountType (type as char), creationDate (type as java.util.Date) as its member fields.
    • Create a class naming “Bank” class which manages a number of Account instances. Provide following methods 
      • OpenAccount (Account acc) - adds acc instance to HashSet collection.
      • CloseAccount (Account acc) – removes acc from collection.
      • ListAccOrderByBalance () – which displays all account information order by balance.
      • ListOrderByDate () - which displays all account information order by creationDate.
      • Store (File flName) – which stores all accounts info to a file flName provided as parameter.  (Note : Use Comparable and Comparator iterfaces).
    • Create a class naming “BankIntoTest” which tests above mentioned classes with main method.

  5. Design a module called NewBookEntry for LibraryManagement system using GUI.
      • This module manages information like bookId, category(MCA Sem -1, MCA Sem – 2, MBA Sem-3, ……..), title, author, edition, publication, IssueFlag (Y, N – Use checkbox).
      • Make a NewBookEntry form which allows user to enter above mentioned information and provide menu option like Save, New, Search.
      • Once user clicks Save option a unique bookId should be generated and all details along with bookId should be stored in a file called bookinfo.txt.
      • Once user clicks New than all entered details should be cleared from NewBookEntry form.
      • Once user clicks Search than whatever category user has selected, that category details should be searched in bookinfo.txt file created in option save, if details are available then display in TextArea field otherwise display proper message (eg. If user selects category MCA Sem-3 then searches this category details in file bookinfo.txt).

  6. Create a package called “residence” with following items:
    • Create a abstract class naming “Residency” which will be having an area (like 130 sq.yard, 180 sq.yard, etc..) and rate_peryard (like 20000, 18000, etc..) as its member fields and has following methods.
      • Provide necessary constructor, getter and setter methods for this class.
      • Provide one method called calculatePropertyPrice () which will return basic price (Hint : price = area * rate_peryard).
    • Create a class naming “Flat” which is inherited from Residency and having its own instance field as maintenanceCharge. Override the calculatePropertyPrice () method which will return price of a flat with maintenaceCharge.
      • Override necessary methods from Object class.
    • Create a class naming “Villa”, which is inherited from Residency and having its own instance field as furnitureCharge.Override the calculatePropertyPrice () method which will return price of a Villa with furnitureCharge.
      • Override necessary methods from Object class.
    • Create a class naming “TestResidency” which tests above mentioned classes with main method. This class creates an array of Residency type and has following method.
      • Int searchResidency (Residency res) – which searches a res instance in an array of Residency. If available then return index otherwise display proper message.
      • double totalMaintenancePrice (Residency[] houses) - which returns total of all residency’s maintenanceCharge.
      • Void DisplayOrderByPrice – which displays array of residencies order by their price (Note : Use Comparable and Comparator interfaces).

  7. Create a multiThreading application.
    • One thread will read char data from a file and print it to console (user has to create one file manually with char data separated by space).
    • Second thread called asciiVal will display ASCII value of char data read by first thread to console.
    • Use interThreadCommunication to generate following type of output.  (Assuming file has data like – T E C H N O L O G Y ……)
      • Char value : T
      • ASCII Value : 84
      • Char Value : E
      • ASCII Value : 69
      • Char value : C
      • ASCII Value : 67
      • Char Value : H
      • ASCII Value : 72

  8. Create a GUI application which calculates charges for stay in Hotel, which allows user to enter duration as start date and end date as period while user wants to book a hotelRoom and to select a particular roomType (Regular, Delux, Cottage, Family, etc… use list). After selecting a particular roomChoice, display the calculated charges with start date and end date to user in dialogBox for confirmation. If user says ok then store these details to file else just close the dialogBox. Regular rates per day are as per following table. If user start date is between April to June or October to November, then room charges increased by 15%.

  9. Create an applet naming “UnitConversion”, which allows user to select a particular conversion from following options.(Use list) 
    • Decimal to HexaDecimal [Use Inter.toHexString()]. 
    • Decimal to Octal [Use Inter.toOctalString()]. 
    • Feet to Centimeter.(1 feet = 30.48cm) 
    • Inches to Feet (1 feet = 12 inches) 
    • Once user selects particular conversion then show the converted value with proper formatted message in dialogBox.(Like if user selects Inches to Feet option and input value is 60 then message should be “60 inches is equal to 5 Feet”.) 
    • If user enters any wrong kind of input then prompt proper errorDialog and clear the entered value.

  10. Create a GUI application, which has one menu. MenuItems are ReverseOrder, UpperCase, LowerCase, ArrangeAlphabetically and Length. 
    • Once frame displayed it will display your full name in middle of screen. 
    • If user clicks on ReverseOrder then it will display your name in reverse order with random color.
    • If user clicks on LowerCase then it will display your name in lowercase with random color.
    • If user clicks on UpperCase then it will display your name in UpperCase with random color.
    • If user clicks on Arrange then it will display your name in alphabetical order in random color.(Like INDIA – will be as ADIIN).
    • If user clicks on Length then it will display length of your First name in random color.If length is greater than 9 then it will display message “Very Big Name” in MessageBox.

Java - Opening a URL in new window from an applet

This Applet example demonstrate how to open any URL in new browser page. The applet has Text Field  in which user  enters web URL and when user press Go button the specified URL will open in new browser window.
applet


Create an applet which has a Text Field to accept a URL string, and displays the document of the URL string in a new browser window. When user enters http://www.google.com and clicks on Go button the applet will opens the url in new window and this is accomplished by getAppletContext.showDocument(url, target) method of the AppletContext.

Open_URL.Java
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/* Applet program which takes URL from user into textfield and opens the url in new page */
/* Use applet in browser to get it run*/
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class Open_URL extends Applet implements ActionListener
{
String link = "";
TextField tf;

public void init()
{
   
   Button b = new Button("Go");
   tf=new TextField("http://www.google.com");
 b.addActionListener(this);
 add(tf);
   add(b);
}

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae)
{
   //get the link entered by user from textbox
  link= tf.getText();
        
   try
   {
    AppletContext a = getAppletContext();
    URL url = new URL(link);
    a.showDocument(url,"_blank"); // Opens the url in new window

         //a.showDocument(url,"_self");    _self to open url in same window  

   }
  
 catch (Exception e)
   {
     System.out.println(e.getMessage());
   }
   
}


}
Applet.html
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<html> 
<head>
         <title> Open URL in new page Using Java Applet</title>
</head>
<body>
         <applet code="Open_URL.class" height=300 weight=300></applet>
</body>
</html>

GTU MCA Android Practical Paper

Practical Question Paper of Software Lab in Mobile Computing 
(MCA Semester 5 Practical Examination December-2011)

  1. Create an application that will store employee information like Employee ID, Name, Address and Designation. User can insert, update, delete and  employee search record.
  2. Create an application that will change wall paper time by time.
  3. Create an application that will work like a calculator. It should be able to perform all arithmetic operation.

Google Searching Tricks

Google’s Winter Surprise- ‘Let It Snow’


On the occasion of Christmas the web giant Google Inc. introduced a latest natural effect on the search result page.  Type ‘Let It Snow’ in Google.com and see what happens?

Google Tricks



You can see the search result related to ‘Let It Snow’ but after some time it begins to snow ( winter is running) .  you  can click and drag your mouse on screen to draw some funny shape or letters.  When screen is filled by full of snow the page displays ‘Defrost’  button to clear the screen.  Enjoy Funny Search!

let it snow


Last month Google was come up with  ‘Do A Barrel Roll’.  Type ‘Do A Barrel Roll ‘ in Google and see the search result. It shows the serach result but the screen start rolling.

Google Gravity

Type "Google Gravity" in the Google search bar. Then click on  "I'm feeling lucky" . Then your search results fall down.




Type 'askew' in Google Search bar and wait to see the magic.

askew

Write a script that behaves both in interactive and non-interactive mode

Write a script that behaves both in interactive and non-interactive mode. When no arguments are supplied, it picks up each C program from current directory and lists the first 10 lines. It then prompts for deletion of the file. If the user supplies arguments with the script, then it works on those files only.

flag=1
if [ $# -ne 0 ];then # IF USER PROVIDE ARGUMENTS
 echo $* >temp
 flag=1
else    # IF USER NOT PROVIDE ARGUMENTS
 ans=`ls *.c`
 if [ "" == "$ans" ];then
  echo "THERE ARE NO C FILE"
  flag=0
 else
  ls *.c>temp
  flag=1
 fi
fi
if [ $flag -eq 1 ];then
 for filename in `cat temp`
 do
  if [ -f $filename ];then
   echo "\t\t\t========="
   echo "\t\t\t$filename"
   echo "\t\t\t========="
   echo " "
   sed -n -e "1,10 p" $filename
   rm -i $filename
  fi
 done
 rm temp
fi

Write a shell script to add the statement #include at the beginning of every C source file in current directory containing printf and fprintf

clear
grep -lw -e "printf" -w -e "fprintf" *.c > $$
for filename in `cat $$`
do
 sed '1i\
 #include\
 #include
 ' $filename > $$$
 `cat $$$>$filename`
 rm $$$
done
echo "File corrected successfully"
rm $$

Output: 

Write a script to display the last modified file.

record=`ls -lt | head -n 2`
filename=`echo $record | cut -d " " -f 11`
echo "Last modified file is $filename"
Output: 

Write a script to display all lines of a file in ascending order.

clear
echo "Enter filename"
read filename
echo "============"
sort -t "~" -k 1 $filename
Output:
 

Write a script to display all words of a file in ascending order.

clear
echo "Ascending order of word in File"
echo " ==============================="
echo "Enter File Name "
read filename
echo "\n\n\t\t\t Main File "
echo "\t\t\t ========="
echo `cat $filename`
 for i in `cat $filename`
 do
 echo $i >> tempfile.txt
 done
 `sort tempfile.txt>$filename`
 echo "\n\n\t\t\tSorted Word in File "
 echo "\t\t\t ===================\n"
 echo `cat $filename`
 rm tempfile.txt

Output: 

Write a script to check whether a given string is palindrome or not.

clear
echo "    STRING PALINDROME OF NOT"
echo "    ========================"
echo "ENTER STRING : "
read str
len=`echo $str | wc -c`
i=1

while [ $i -le $len ]
do
 ch=`echo $str | cut -c $i`
 revstr="$ch$revstr"
 i=`expr $i + 1`
done
if [ "$str" == "$revstr" ];then
 echo "String is palindrome"
else
 echo "String is not palindrome"
fi

Output: 

Write a script to check whether a given string is palindrome or not.

clear
echo "        NUMBER PALINDROME OF NOT"
echo "        ========================"
echo "ENTER NUMBER : "
read no
temp=$no
revno=0
while [ $no -ne 0 ]
do
 a=`expr $no % 10`
 no=`expr $no / 10`
 revno=`expr $revno \* 10 + $a`
done
if [ $temp -eq $revno ];then
 echo "Number is palindrome"
else
 echo "Number is not palindrome"
fi

Output:

Script To Calculate Employee Salary

clear
echo "        GROSS SALARY CALCULATOR"
echo "        ======================="
echo "ENTER BASIC SALARY:"
read basic 
hra=`expr 10 \* $basic / 100`
da=`expr 15 \* $basic / 100`
gs=`expr $basic + $hra + $da`
# gs=`expr $gs + $da`
echo "GROSS SALARY IS $gs"
Output: 

Write A Script To Perform Following String Operations Using Menu:

A.Compare two strings.
B.Join two Strings.
C.Find the length of the given Strings.
D.Find occurrence of character and word
E.Reverse the strings.

clear
echo "STRING MANIPULATION PROGRAM"
echo "1. COMPARE STRING"
echo "2. JOINT TWO STRING"
echo "3. LENGTH OF STRING"
echo "4. OCCOURANCE OF CHARACTER"
echo "5. OCCOURANCE OF WORD"
echo "6. REVERSE STRING"
echo "ENTER CHOICE:"
read ch
case $ch in
  1)
  echo "ENTER FIRST STRING:"
  read str1
  echo "ENTER SECOND STRING:"
  read str2

  len1=`echo $str1 | wc -c`
  len2=`echo $str2 | wc -c`

  if [ $len1 -eq $len2 ];then
   echo "BOTH STRINGS ARE OF SAME LENGTH"
  elif [ $len1 -gt $len2 ];then
   echo "$str1 is greater than $str2"
  else
   echo "$str2 is greater than $str1"
  fi
  
  ;;
 2)
  echo "ENTER FIRST STRING:"
  read str1
  echo "ENTER SECOND STRING:"
  read str2
  str1="$str1$str2"
  echo "COMBINED STRING : $str1"
  ;;
 3)
  echo "ENTER STRING:"
  read str
  len=`echo $str | wc -c`
  echo "Length of string is $len"
  ;;
 4) 
  echo "ENTER STRING:"
  read str
  echo "ENTER character of word to search:"
  read search
  len=`echo $str | wc -c`
  i=1
  while [ $i -lt $len ]
  do
   ch=`echo $str | cut -c $i`
   echo $ch
   i=`expr $i + 1`
  done
  ;;
 5) 
  echo "NOT THERE"
  ;;
 6)
  echo "ENTER STRING:"
  read str
  echo "REVERSE STRING IS : "`echo $str | rev`
  ;;
 *)
  echo "ENTER PROPER CHOICE"
  echo "NOT THERE"
  ;;
esac

Output:
 

Write a script which reads a text file and output the following Count of character, words and lines. File in reverse. Frequency of particular word in the file. Lower case letter in place of upper case letter.

clear
echo "Enter File Name :="
read filename
echo "1. Number Of Character"
echo "2. Number Of Words"
echo "3. Number Of Lines"
echo "4. File In Reverse"
echo "5. Fequency Of Particular Word"
echo "6. Convert Upper Case to Lower Case"
echo "Enter Your Choice :="
read ch
case $ch in
 1)
  echo "Total Number Of Characters are : " `cat $filename |wc -c` 
  ;;
 2)
  echo "Total Number Of Words are : " `cat $filename |wc -w` 
  ;;
 3)
  echo "Total Number Of Lines are : " `cat $filename |wc -l` 
  ;;
 4) 
  revstr=""
  while read -n1 ch;
  do
   revstr="$ch$revstr"
  done<$filename
  echo "File In Reverse Order : "
  echo $revstr
  ;;
 5)
  clear
  echo "Enter Word To Search : "
  read search
  filename="veer.txt"
  str=`grep -i "$search" $filename`
  `echo $str | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'>file.txt`
  i=1
  count=0
  len=`echo $str | wc -c`
  echo "length is $len"
  search=`echo $search|tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'`
  echo "SEARCH WORD:$search"
  i=1
  while read -n1 ch;
  do
   if [ "$ch" == " " ] || [ $i -eq $len ];then
    if [ "$word" == "$search" ];then
     count=`expr $count + 1`
    fi
    word=""
   else
    word="$word$ch"
   fi
   i=`expr $i + 1`
  donefile.txt`
  `cat file.txt > $filename`
  echo "ALL CHARACTER CONVERTED TO LOWER CASE"
  ;;
 *)
  echo "Enter poper Values "
esac

Output: 

How To Create CSV File In Java

TestCsv.csv (Excel file) Looks as bellow:


/* Read Data From Comma Seprated File (CSV) using  FileInputStream and DataInputStream*/
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

class ReadCsv
{

 public static void main(String args[])
 {


  try
  {
  
  int sum=0;
  FileInputStream fi1=new FileInputStream("TestCsv.csv");
  DataInputStream di=new DataInputStream(fi1);


  String line;
   
   while((line=di.readLine())!=null)

   {

   StringTokenizer st=new StringTokenizer(line,",");

   while(st.hasMoreTokens())
   {
    String s=st.nextToken();
    System.out.println(s);
    sum=sum+Integer.parseInt(s);
   }
   
   
    System.out.println("Total:"+sum+"");
   }
   
  }

  catch(Exception e)
  {
   System.out.println("Error:"+e);
  }  

 }



}
Output:

Java FileOutputStream Example


/* Create A File and Write String of Byte (Byte Array) using FileOutputStream*/

import java.io.*;


class OutputStreamDemo1
{
  
 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
  
  try
  {
  File f1=new File("MyFile.txt");
  FileOutputStream fout=new FileOutputStream(f1);
  byte[] byte_arr=new byte[10];
  String str="Java File Handling";
  byte_arr=str.getBytes();

  fout.write(byte_arr);
  
  }

  catch(Exception e)
  {

  }

 }
}

Read Single Byte FileInputStream

/* Read A Single Byte From File using FileInputStream*/

import java.io.*;


class InputStreamDemo
{
  
 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
  
  try
  {
  File f1=new File("MyFile.txt");
  FileInputStream fin=new FileInputStream(f1);

  int ch=fin.read();
  System.out.println("Byte Data Readed From File="+(char)ch);
  }

  catch(Exception e)
  {

  }

 }
}

Read File Using InputStream

/* Read A String (Byte Array) From File using FileInputStream*/

import java.io.*;


class InputStreamDemo1
{
  
 public static void main(String[] args)
 {
  
  try
  {
  File f1=new File("MyFile.txt");
  FileInputStream fin=new FileInputStream(f1);
  DataInputStream din=new DataInputStream(fin);
  byte[] byte_arr=new byte[100];
  
   while(din.available()!=0)
   {
   
    System.out.println(din.readLine());
   }
  }

  catch(Exception e)
  {
   System.out.println(e);
  }

 }
}

GTU MCA Sem 5

Download GTU MCA Semseter 5 Materials
SubjectCode Subject
650001Software Engineering (SE)
650002Network Security (NS)
650003Mobile Computing (MC)
650004Advanced Data Base Management Systems (ADBMS)(Elective-II)
650005Parallel Programming (PP)
650006Web Searching Technologies & Search Engine Optimization
650007Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)
650008Cyber Security and Forensics (CSF) (Elective-II)
650010Advanced Networking (AN)
650011Image Processing (IP)
650012Software Development for Embedded Systems (SD-ES)
650013Geographical Information System (GIS)
650014Language Processing (LP)
650015Bioinformatics (Bio-I)
650016Software Lab in Mobile Computing (SL-MC)
650017Dissertation (DSRT)

Question Papers
Download Presentations.....

GTU MCA Sem 4

SubjectCode Subject
640001Fundamentals of Networking (FON)
640002Web Technology & Application Development (WTAD)
640003Operations Research (OR)
640004Management Information Systems (MIS)
640005Data Warehousing & Data Mining (DWDM)
640006Distributed Computing (DC1)
640007Data Compression (DC2)

640008Computer Graphics (CG)
640008Soft Computing (SC)
640008Analysis and Design of Algorithms (ADA)
640008Programming Skills – VI (FON)
640008Programming Skills – VII (WTAD)

Download Presentations.....
Question Papers
Syllabus of GTU MCA Semester 4

Ideas For Project

If you are searching for computer science project ideas or some thing like IT project ideas then you are on correct place on internet. When I was in my final year of BCA (Bachelor of Computer Application), I also asking new and innovative ideas which are never ever developed. Keep in mind that what ever project title you will choose but  the fundamental operation such as add record, delete record, update record, view record must be present there. 

So your aim is to find project definition which is more related to real life problems and you can learn some stuff after developing that project. There are many websites form where you can download free projects. But only use such projects for learning purpose never use them to be free from the development. Here real implementation of such ideas is also listed along with each title.

Here many ideas are listed which helps students of BCA, MCA, MSc.IT, BSc.IT and PGDCA students to select their final year project definition. You can implement any idea using the programming languages such as PHP, ASP, JSP, Visual Basic, Java, C#, .Net, J2ME, J2EE and J2SE.   You can develop website project based on this titles or you can develop desktop project or remote based project.


Website Project Ideas:

  1. Digital Forum Ford ( Like www.daniweb.com  or www.hackforums.net)
  2. Online Dictionary website with multiple language translation (see  http://gujaratilexicon.com/ )
  3. Shopping Website (www.ebay.com  or www.amazone.com )
  4. Online Ticket Reservation Website (http://www.gsrtc.in/site/ )
  5. Online Railway Reservation Website ( www.irctc.co.in )
  6. Newspaper Website (www.gujaratsamachar.com)
  7. Online Image Editing or Album website 
  8. Blogging Website  (www.blogger.com )
  9. Job Consultancy Website ( www.naukri.com ) 
  10. File Sharing Website ( www.torrent.com)
  11. Email Service provider (www.gmail.com, www.yahoomail.com)
  12. Free E-books collection website ( www.bookboon.com )
  13. Location finding website ( like www.maps.google.com, www.mapsite.com )
  14. Online Deals website ( www.snapdeal.com)
  15. Education directory website
  16. Educational Website ( http://www.oshwaleducationtrust.org/ )
  17. Online Test Engine ( like GCET test website)
Desktop Project Ideas:
  1. Invoice Management System.
  2. Blood Bank Management Project
  3. Gate Pass System ( For Large refinery gates)
  4. Township Management System
  5. Kids Laptop Project.
  6. Image Editing Project
  7. Video Editing Project
  8. Advanced File Explorer
  9. Advanced Searching tool
  10. Advanced Task Manager
  11. Medicare Management
  12. Billing System
  13.  Payroll Management System
  14. Employee Management
  15. Hospital Management
  16. Hotel Management
  17. Canteen Management
  18. Online Quiz or online Test Engine
  19. Cyber Cafe Management
  20. Internet protection and Restriction
  21. Child Control over Internet
  22. Face Recognition project
  23. Dictionary which recognize speech
  24. Library Management System
  25. Attendance Management system
  26. College Management System

Download VB project Invoice management system

Invoice Management VB Project
This project provides simple invoice management system which helps to maintain all details of Customers, Items and Suppliers. This project can generate Sales Invoice and Purchase Invoice. By this application user can have various facilities like generate sales and purchase invoices and print it for further reference.  Application also allows manage admin users and normal users. This project helps user to work systematic process to their business and work batter and also helps them to work easier and faster in their routine work. This project has one more facility it works on any resolution. This project is very helpful for vb programmer who want to develop invoice management software.



Download Project Source Code

Please Comment below if you found this project useful.

Digital Forum Project in PHP

PHP is an open source web scripting language which is powerful and provides many development features. The students doing theirs final semester MCA, BCA, MSc.IT BSc.IT and PGDCA has to develop their final year project in PHP. Programmer's Zone is project that I have made during my BCA (Bachelor of Computer Application). We were two person worked on this final semester project. We have used many advanced technologies in this project which are described below.



  • AJAX Integration
  • Google Map Integration
  • CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computer Human Apart) authentication using PHP GD Library.
  • In line validation using AJAX.
  • Image Uploading
  • Design using CSS (Cascading Style Sheet).

Download Project and follow following steps to make project run:

  1. Download Project Zip.
  2. Extract the Zip file.  Copy entire project in  C:/XAMMP/htdocs or in C:/Program Files/XAMMP/htdocs or where ever your htdocs folder is located.
  3. Go to -> MySQL-> Create new database with name forum now click on Import database and select forum.sql file form extracted project folder.

Article on Akash Tablet Computer


What is Tablet?
  • In current technology trend people wants more and more computing power and desktop pc like features in small size computers.
  • The desktop computers and laptops are very costly and not exact solution for portability.
  • Mobile phones are easy to portable but doesn’t provide computing power and exact feel like laptop and desktop computing.
  • So as an solution of above problem, tablet computer was arose.
  • Tablet computer ( also referred as tablet PCs) is tabled sized computer equipped with touch, USB ports, Microphone point and inbuilt speakers.
  • Tablet PCs has an operating system like Android, Windows, or linux for managing applications and hardware.
  • Some tablet computer has rotating keyboard or some has only touch screen keyboard.

History of Tablet Computer

  • The concept of tablet computer was given by Alan Kay in the late 1960s. He conceptualized the tablet PC concept in the DynaBook.
  • Read Alak Kay’s Article “ A personal computer for children of all ages”

     
    DynaBook
    
  • The DynaBook was to be a tablet style computer aimed to  provide computing features in small tablet computer.

  • Kay was described a multi-touch display concept in 1972 that’s almost 41 year ago.
  • After the DynaBook concepts, many efforts has made in the development of the tablet computer.
  • Bill gates and Steve jobs are the two business man who take tablet concept as market opportunities and developed advance tablet devices with all latest features.
Akash Ubislate tablet

  • Akash is a computer which belongs to tablet family of computer.
  • The akash tablet is developed by Indian government with the cooperation of Britain Company DataWind.
  • The meaning of ‘Akash’ is ‘Sky’. Tablet is developed by government by keep in mind that it will become most powerful tablet in reasonable price for all level of students including primary, graduate and postgraduate students.
Technical Specification/ Configuration of Akash tablet

Developed By       :  Indian Government with Britain company DataWind.
Cost                       :   Original Price : Rs. 2276 (Approx. $50)
                                   Special Price for students: Rs. 1500 (Approx. $35)
Size                        :  190.5 X 118.5  X 15.7 mm
Screen size            : 7” Resistive
Weight                   : 350 gms
Operating System :  Android 2.2
Processor               :  366 Mhz, Graphics Accelerator & HD video Co- Processor
Memory                 : 256 MB
Storage Capacity  : 2GB Micro SD card expandable up to 32 GB.
Connectivity          : 2 USB Ports.
Battery                  : 2100 mAh
Camera                 : Not Inbuilt, USB Camera can be used
Network Facility  : Fi-Fi
Web Browser       : DataWind Accelerated Browser Modem.
                                In-built SIM slote
Tablet supports document formats such as: DOC, DOCX, PDF, XLS, XLSX, PPT, PPTX, ODT and OPD.
It also supports various audio formats such as: MP3, AC3, WMA, AAC, WAV, FLV and AVI.

Advantages of Akash tablet:

  • It is compact so easy to carry wherever you go.
  • It supports to implement different learning and teaching styles eg. Programming lecture can be taken in garden.
  • No need to carry large heavy reference book every day at school or college, now students cn store e-books in pdf format and read any time.
  • MBA and Marketing students can keep theire marketing software such as Loan Calculation, Intrest Estimator  in Akash tablet.
  • Students can write class notes directly in tablet using its touch screen, so obviously saving of papers which implies saving of trees.
  • Akash has sufficient storage capacity to store capacity to store study materials.
How to buy Akash Tablet?
  • An Akash ubislate tablet is not yet sold by distributors and not distributed to students, distribution of akash tablet will be done in next few months.
  • Distribution of akash tablet will be done by the Universities, get in touch with your universities to purchase akash computer.
  • Price of akash for students:  Rs 1500  to Rs. 1750 (Without SIM and GPRS facility)
  • Student’s version of akash has wi-fi connection to access internet.
  • Retail price of akash: Rs 3000 including tax (with SIM and GPRS facility).
Future of Akash Tablet
  • Before February 2012, an improved version of akash tablet Akash-2 is expected to be launched. The current akash tablet was given to the students of IIT (Indian Institute of Technology), Rajasthan for the testing purpose and to find bugs and technical fault in it.
  • The IIT suggest improvement in older version of akash and now Akash-2 will be launched during January – February 2012 said by Kapil Sible.
Conclusion:
  • Akash tablet will perform an important role in the Indian education field.
  • Teachers are also planning to implement new teaching methods which will be lead to valuable education with the help of akash tablet.
Related Posts:


  1. Akash Ubislate tablet in Rs. 1100
  2. Configuration of an Akash Ubislate Tablet
  3. Presentation on Aakash Tablet
  4. GTU Circular for Aakash Tablet
  5. Akash Tablet Launched In Gujarat
  6. Classpad Tablet Price Launched by Rohit Pande

    Write a script to make following file and directory management operations menu based


    1. Display current directory
    2. List directory
    3. Make directory
    4. Change directory
    5. Copy a file
    6. Rename a file
    7. Delete a file
    8. Edit a file
    clear
    echo " 1 : Display Current Directory"
    echo " 2 : List directory"
    echo " 3 : Make Directory"
    echo " 4 : Change Directory"
    echo " 5 : Copy a file"
    echo " 6 : Rename a file"
    echo " 7 : Delete a file"
    echo " 8 : Edit a file"
    echo " ENTER CHOICE : ";
    read ch
    if [ $ch -eq 1 ];then
     echo "YOUR CHOICE IS TO DISPLAY CURRENT DIRECTORY"
     pwd=`pwd`
     echo "YOUR CURRENT DIRECTORY IS : $pwd"
    elif [ $ch -eq 2 ];then
     echo "YOUR CHOICE IS TO LIST THE FILE IN DIRECTORY"
     echo "FILE AND DIRECTORIES IN CURRENT DIRECTORY IS "
     echo `ls`
    elif [ $ch -eq 3 ];then
     echo "YOUR CHOICE IS TO CREATE DIRECTORY"
     echo "Enter Name Of Directory:";
     read dir
     `mkdir $dir`
     echo "Directory Created successfully";
    elif [ $ch -eq 4 ];then
     echo "YOUR CHOICE IS TO CHANGE DIRECTORY"
     echo "ENTER DIRECTORY TO CHANGE"
     read dir1
     cd $dir1
     echo "CHANGED SUCCESS "`pwd`
    elif [ $ch -eq 5 ];then
     echo "Enter file to COPY"
     read file
     echo "Enter Directory to which file is to be copied"
     read dir
     cp $file $dir
    elif [ $ch -eq 6 ];then
     echo "YOUR CHOICE IS TO RENAME A FILE"
     echo "ENTER FILE TO RENAME"
     read file
     echo "ENTER NEW NAME"
     read name
     mv $file $name
    elif [ $ch -eq 7 ];then
     echo "YOUR CHOICE IS TO DELETE A FILE"
     echo "ENTER FILE TO DELETE"
     read file
     rm -i $file
    elif [ $ch -eq 8 ];then
     echo "YOUR CHOICE IS TO EDIT A FILE"
     echo "ENTER FILENAME TO EDIT "
     read file
     echo "ENTER NEW DATA TO WRITE"
     read newdata
     echo $newdata > $file
    else
     echo "ENTER CORRECT OPTION"
    fi
    
    

    Output: 

    Write a script for generating a mark sheet after reading data from a file. File contains student roll no, name , marks of three subjects

    clear
    len=`cat student.txt | wc -l`
    i=1
    echo "\n\n\tSTUDENT MARKSHEET"
    echo "\t=================\n"
    echo "NAME \t \t TOTAL \t \t PERCENTAGE \t GRADE "
    echo "====================================================="
    while [ $i -le $len ]
    do
     record=`head -n $i student.txt | tail -n 1`
     total=0
     for (( j=2 ; $j < 5 ; j=`expr $j + 1` ))
     do
      marks=`echo $record | cut -d " " -f $j`
      total=`expr $total + $marks`
     done
     name=`echo $record | cut -d " " -f 1`
     per=`expr $total / 3`
    if [ $per -ge 85 ] && [ $per -le 100 ] ; then
        grade="AA"
     elif [ $per -ge 75 ] && [ $per -le 84 ] ; then
        grade="AB"
     elif [ $per -ge 65 ] && [ $per -le 74 ] ; then
        grade="BB"
     elif [ $per -ge 55 ] && [ $per -le 64 ] ; then
        grade="BC"
     elif [ $per -ge 45 ] && [ $per -le 54 ] ; then
        grade="CC"
     elif [ $per -ge 0 ] && [ $per -le 44 ] ; then
        grade="FAIL"
     else
        grade="-"
     fi
    
     echo "$name \t \t $total \t \t $per % \t \t $grade"
     i=`expr $i + 1`
    done
    
    
    
    Output: 

    Write a script to implement the following commands Tree of DOS similar to which command of UNIX

    echo "Enter path Name :="
    read path
    name=`find  "$path"  -print0 | xargs -0`
    for i in $name
    do
     if [ -d $i ];then
      echo $i>file.txt
      count=`awk 'NF{print NF-1}' FS="/" file.txt`
      format="|__"
      temp=`expr $count + 1`
      i=`echo $i|cut -d "/" -f $temp`
      for (( j=0 ; $j < $count ; j=`expr $j + 1` ))
      do
       format="|    "$format
      done
      echo "$format$i"
     fi
    done
    
    Output: 

    Write a script to display the directory in the descending order of the size of each file.

    clear
    echo "ENTER DIR"
    read dir
    `echo ls -lS $dir` > file.txt
    len=`cat file.txt | wc -l`
    i=2
    echo "SIZE          FILENAME"
    echo "====       ==============="
    while [ $i -le $len ]
    do
      record=`ls -lS $dir | head -n $i | tail -n 1`
      # record=`cat file.txt | head -n $i | tail -n 1`
      filename=`echo $record | cut -d " " -f 9`
      size=` echo $record | cut -d " " -f 5`
      echo "$size        $filename" 
      i=`expr $i + 1`
    done 
    
    
    Output:

    Write a script to display the date, time and a welcome message (like Good Morning etc.). The time should be displayed with “a.m.” or “p.m.” and not in 24 hours notation.

    clear
    HH=`date +%H`
    time=`date +"%S %p"`
    if [ $HH -ge 12 ];then
     HH=`expr $HH % 12`
     if [ $HH -lt 5 ];then
      msg="GOOD AFTERNOON"
     elif [ $HH -ge 5 ]  &&  [ $HH -lt 9 ];then
      msg="GOOD EVENING"
     else
      msg="GOOD NIGHT"
     fi
     echo "$msg ,CURRENT TIME $HH:$time"
     exit 1
    else
     if [ $HH -lt 5 ];then
      msg="GOOD NIGHT"
     else
      msg="GOOD MORNING"
     fi
     echo "$msg ,CURRENT TIME $HH:$time"
     exit 1
    fi
    
    
    Output: 

    Write a script to display the name of all executable files in the given directory.

    clear
    echo "Enter Directory Name:"
    read dir
    ls $dir>tempfile.txt
    count=0
    if [ -d $dir ];then
     for filename in `cat tempfile.txt`
     do
      if [ -x $filename ];then
       echo "$filename"
       count=`expr $count + 1`
      fi
     done
    fi
    echo "Total Executable Files Are $count"
    rm tempfile.txt
    
    
    Output: 

    Write a script to display the name of those files (in the given Directory) which are having multiple links.

    clear
    echo "Enter Directory Name :="
    read dir
    len=`ls -l $dir | wc -l`
    i=2
    echo "File With Multiple Link are : "
    echo " "
    while [ $i -le $len ]
    do
     record=`ls -l $dir | head -n $i | tail -n 1`
     filename=`echo $record | cut -d " " -f 9`
     link=`echo $record | cut -d " " -f 2`
     if [ $link -gt 1 ];then
      echo "$filename = $link"
     fi
     i=`expr $i + 1`
    done
    
    
    Output: 

    Write a script to delete zero sized files from a given directory (and all its sub-directories).

    clear
    `echo ls`>filelist
    for filename in `cat filelist`
    do
     if [ ! -d $filename ];then
      size=`ls -s $filename`
      size=`echo $size|cut -d " " -f 1`
       if [ $size -eq 0 ];then 
       echo "Want to Remove $filename:"
       rm -i $filename
      fi
     fi
    done
    
    
    Output:

    Write a script to compare identically named files in two different directories and if they are same, copy one of them in a third directory

    clear
    echo "Enter Directory 1:"
    read dir1
    echo "Enter Directory 2:"
    read dir2
    if [ ! -d $dir1 ] || [ ! -d $dir2 ]; then
     echo "dir1 not exist"
     exit 1
    fi
    `echo ls $dir1`>dir1.txt
    `echo ls $dir2`>dir2.txt
    echo "==============="
    totalfile1=`wc -w dir1.txt|cut -c 8-9`  # HOME
    totalfile2=`wc -w dir2.txt|cut -c 8-9`  # HOME
    # totalfile1=`wc -w dir1.txt|cut -c 1-2`    # COLLEGE
    # totalfile2=`wc -w dir2.txt|cut -c 1-2` # COLLEGE 
    echo "totalfile:$totalfile1"
    echo "totalfile:$totalfile2"
    mkdir NEW_DIR
    i=$totalfile1
    while [ $i -ge 1 ] 
    do
     file1=`tail -n $i dir1.txt | head -n 1`
     i=`expr $i - 1`
     j=$totalfile2
     while [ $j -ge 1 ] 
     do            
      file2=`tail -n $j dir2.txt | head -n 1`
      j=`expr $j - 1`        
      if [ "$file1" == "$file2" ];then
       str1=`ls -l $dir1/$file1 | cut -d " " -c 50-55`
       str2=`ls -l $dir2/$file2 | cut -d " " -c 50-55`
       # str1=`ls -l 3.sh|cut -d " " -f 7`     # str2=`ls -l 3a.sh|cut -d " " -f 7`  
       hh1=`echo $str1 | cut -c 1-2`
       ss1=`echo $str1 | cut -c 4-5`
       hh2=`echo $str2 | cut -c 1-2`
       ss2=`echo $str2 | cut -c 4-5`
    
       # echo "hh1:$hh1 and ss1:$ss1";
       # echo "hh2:$hh2 and ss2:$ss2";
       if [ $hh1 -eq $hh2 ];then
        if [ $ss1 -le $ss2 ];then
         cp $dir2/$file2 NEW_DIR
        else
         cp $dir1/$file1 NEW_DIR
        fi
       else
        if [ $hh1 -le $hh2 ];then
         cp $dir2/$file2 NEW_DIR
        else
         cp $dir1/$file1 NEW_DIR
        fi
       fi
      fi
     done
    done
    
    

    Output:

    write a script to copy the file system from two directories to a new directory in such a way that only the latest file is copied in case there are common files in both the directories

    clear
    echo "Enter Directory 1:"
    read dir1
    echo "Enter Directory 2:"
    read dir2
    if [ ! -d $dir1 ] || [ ! -d $dir2 ]; then
     echo "dir1 not exist"
     exit 1
    fi
    `echo ls $dir1`>dir1.txt
    `echo ls $dir2`>dir2.txt
    
    echo "==============="
    
    totalfile1=`wc -w dir1.txt|cut -c 8-9`  # HOME
    totalfile2=`wc -w dir2.txt|cut -c 8-9`  # HOME
    # totalfile1=`wc -w dir1.txt|cut -c 1-2`    # COLLEGE
    # totalfile2=`wc -w dir2.txt|cut -c 1-2` # COLLEGE 
    echo "totalfile:$totalfile1"
    echo "totalfile:$totalfile2"
    
    
    mkdir NEW_DIR
    # copying all files from dir1 and comparing each file with files in dir2
    i=$totalfile1
    flag=0
    while [ $i -ge 1 ] 
    do
     file1=`tail -n $i dir1.txt | head -n 1`
     i=`expr $i - 1`
     flag=0
     j=$totalfile2
    
     while [ $j -ge 1 ] 
     do          
      file2=`tail -n $j dir2.txt | head -n 1`
      j=`expr $j - 1`          if [ "$file1" == "$file2" ];then
        flag=1
    str1=`ls -l $dir1/$file1 | cut -d " " -c 50-55` 
    # HOME
    str2=`ls -l $dir2/$file2 | cut -d " " -c 50-55`  # HOME
    # str1=`ls -l 3.sh|cut -d " " -f 7`     # COLLEGE
    # str2=`ls -l 3a.sh|cut -d " " -f 7`    # COLLEGE
    
       hh1=`echo $str1 | cut -c 1-2`
       ss1=`echo $str1 | cut -c 4-5`
       hh2=`echo $str2 | cut -c 1-2`
       ss2=`echo $str2 | cut -c 4-5`
    
       # echo "hh1:$hh1 and ss1:$ss1";
       # echo "hh2:$hh2 and ss2:$ss2";
       if [ $hh1 -eq $hh2 ];then
        if [ $ss1 -le $ss2 ];then
         cp $dir2/$file2 NEW_DIR
        else
         cp $dir1/$file1 NEW_DIR
        fi
       else
        if [ $hh1 -le $hh2 ];then
         cp $dir2/$file2 NEW_DIR
        else
         cp $dir1/$file1 NEW_DIR
        fi
       fi
      fi
     done
    
     if [ $flag -eq 0 ];then
      cp $dir1/$file1 NEW_DIR
     fi
    done
    
    # copying remaining files that are in dir2 but not in 
    dir1
    
    
    
    i=$totalfile2
    flag=0
    while [ $i -ge 1 ] 
    do
     file1=`tail -n $i dir2.txt | head -n 1`
     i=`expr $i - 1`
     flag=0
     j=$totalfile1
    
    
    
    
    
    
     while [ $j -ge 1 ] 
     do            
      file2=`tail -n $j dir1.txt | head -n 1`
      j=`expr $j - 1`        
      if [ "$file1" == "$file2" ];then
       flag=1
      fi
     done
     if [ $flag -eq 0 ];then
      cp $dir2/$file1 NEW_DIR
     fi
    done
    
    

    Output: 

    Write a script to broadcast a message to a specified user or a group of users logged on any terminal

    echo "Enter user Name."
    read user_name
    echo "\tNOTE : Press Ctrl+d To Broadcast"
    write $user_name
    

    Write a script to find the global complete path for any file

    clear
    echo "Enter file name : "
    read filename
    str=`find . -name $filename`
    if [ "$str" == "" ];then
        echo "File not found"
        exit 1
    fi
    path=`pwd`
    len=`echo $str | wc -c`
    str=`echo $str | cut -d "." -f 2-3`
    echo "Full path of file is $path$str"
    
    

    Output: 

    Fetch the data from a file and display data into another file in reverse order

    echo "Enter filename"
    read filename
    if [ ! -f $filename ];then
     echo "file not exist"
     exit 1
    fi
    str=`cat $filename`
    len=`echo $str|wc -c`
    i=$len
    while [ $i -ge 1 ] 
    do
     temp=$temp`echo $str|cut -c $i`
     i=`expr $i - 1` 
    done
    echo $temp>newfile.txt
    cat newfile.txt
    
    
    Output: 

    Accept filename and displays last modification time if file exists, otherwise display appropriate message

    clear
    echo "Enter filename"
    read filename
    if [ -f $filename ];then
     echo "file exist and modification time is "; ls -l $filename | cut -c 50-54
    else
     echo "file not exist"
    fi
    
    

    Output:

    Shell script that accept strings and replace a string by another string

    clear
    echo "Enter string"
    read str
    echo "Enter string to search"
    read sstr
    echo "Enter string to replace"
    read rstr
    str=`echo $str | sed s/$sstr/$rstr/`
    echo "string replaced successfully and string is $str"
    
    

    Output:

    Accept number and check the number is even or odd finds the length of the number sum of the digits in the number

    clear
    echo "Enter number:"
    read no;
    count=0
    total=0
    while [ $no -ne 0 ]
    do
     a=`expr $no % 10`
     no=`expr $no / 10`
     total=`expr $total + $a`
     count=`expr $count + 1`
    done
    if [ `expr $no % 2` -eq 0  ]; then
     echo "NUMBER IS EVEN"
    else
     echo "NUMBER IS ODD"
    fi
    echo "SUM OF ALL DIGITS:$total"
    echo "TOTAL NUMBER OF DIGIT:$count" 

    Output:

    Accept the string and checks whether the string is palindrome or not

    clear
    echo "Enter string \c"
    read str
    len=`echo $str|wc -c`
    len=`expr $len - 1`
    echo "length is "$len
    i=1
    while [ $i -le $len ]
    do
     revstr=`echo $str|cut -c$i`$revstr
     i=`expr $i + 1`
    done
    
    if [ "$revstr" == "$str" ];then
     echo "string is palindrome"
    else
     echo "string is not palindrome"
    fi
    
    

    Output:

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